A Parent's Guide to Concussion Management

Almost every parent witnesses a child fall and bump their head during play. Usually, it just results in scrapes or tears, but sometimes, the injury can be more serious than it appears. Knowing the signs and risks of concussion can help protect your child’s health and future.

What is a concussion?

A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a sudden bump, blow or jolt to the head. This impact causes the brain to move or twist inside the skull, which can temporarily disrupt normal brain function. Even if there are no visible signs of injury, a concussion is a medical event that requires proper attention.

Is a concussion the same as a head injury?

A concussion is a specific type of head injury. While "head injury" is a broad term that can describe any trauma to the head, a concussion specifically refers to an injury where brain function is affected. You do not have to lose consciousness to have a concussion.

What are the common signs and symptoms of a concussion?

Symptoms can appear right after the injury or develop over hours or days. Common signs include:

• Headache or a feeling of pressure in the head
• Dizziness or trouble with balance
• Nausea or vomiting
• Confusion or feeling "foggy"
• Sensitivity to light or noise
• Difficulty concentrating or remembering
• Changes in mood, like being more emotional or irritable

What happens to the brain during a concussion?

During a concussion, the brain’s normal signaling is disrupted, much like a muscle strain disrupts movement. You usually won’t see evidence of a concussion on a CT scan or MRI. Healing often cannot be measured only by tests. Instead, the brain needs a period of “rest” to recover, similar to how we let a pulled muscle heal by reducing activity.

This brain rest involves cutting back on activities that stimulate the brain, including video games, TV, school assignments or other screen time. Allowing the brain this recovery time is essential for a full return to normal function.

Why is full recovery so important after a concussion?

Letting a child return to sports or vigorous activity too soon puts them at risk of a second concussion, which can slow healing or become dangerous. In rare cases, second-impact syndrome can occur, an even more severe and sometimes life-threatening brain injury resulting from a second blow before fully healing from the first.

Kids who have had three or more concussions face a greater risk for continued problems like frequent headaches, difficulty in school, emotional changes and trouble sleeping. That’s why ensuring a complete recovery is so important for protecting long-term brain health.

How long does it take to recover from a concussion?

Recovery time varies for each person, but most people feel better within a couple of weeks. For children and teens, the process can sometimes take longer. Following a doctor's advice for rest and a gradual return to activity is the best way to support a full and safe recovery.

When can my child return to sports after a concussion?

A child must be completely free of all symptoms and have clearance from a healthcare professional before returning to sports or other physical activities. Returning too soon puts them at risk for another injury and can lead to a longer recovery or second-impact syndrome.

How can I help prevent head injuries in my child?

The most effective way to prevent serious head injuries is making sure children wear a helmet whenever they bike, rollerblade, skateboard or play sports where falls or impacts are possible. Helmets greatly lower the risk of severe injuries by absorbing much of the force from collisions or falls.

Proactive steps like these allow children to enjoy activities safely. Remember, if you ever have doubts about a head injury, seek guidance from a healthcare professional or your primary care doctor.