Severe Morning Sickness Treatments Pregnant People Should Know About

Experiencing morning sickness is almost a rite of passage for many pregnant people. Characterized by nausea and vomiting, morning sickness typically occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy and can be attributed to the surge of hormones as the body adjusts to pregnancy. However, for some, what starts as morning sickness can advance into a more severe condition known as hyperemesis gravidarum, which poses significant health risks to both the pregnant person and the fetus if left untreated. We’re exploring the spectrum of morning sickness, shining a light on hyperemesis gravidarum and discussing new and emerging treatments that offer relief and hope to those affected.

What is morning sickness?

Morning sickness is a common symptom of pregnancy, primarily occurring during the first trimester, characterized by nausea and sometimes vomiting. This condition is thought to be related to the increase in pregnancy hormones, although its exact cause remains partially understood. Although termed "morning sickness," the symptoms can strike at any time of the day or night. For most pregnant people, it's a mild nuisance that can often be managed with lifestyle adjustments, such as eating small, frequent meals. However, it can occasionally escalate into a more severe condition requiring medical attention.

What are the symptoms of morning sickness?

The symptoms of morning sickness include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Dehydration, if vomiting persists
• Psychological symptoms, like anxiety and depression, if the morning sickness is extreme or affecting a person’s quality of life

Is morning sickness only in the morning?

Morning sickness, despite its name, can occur at any time of the day or night. For the majority, it's a mild condition that can often be managed with lifestyle changes such as eating small, frequent meals and avoiding triggers known to provoke nausea.

What is extreme morning sickness, or hyperemesis gravidarum?

Extreme morning sickness, or hyperemesis gravidarum, is marked by relentless nausea and vomiting at any time of day that can lead to dehydration, weight loss and electrolyte imbalances. Hyperemesis gravidarum often requires medical intervention to manage its symptoms and ensure the health of both mother and baby.

What are the treatments for hyperemesis gravidarum?

1. Prevention and lifestyle modifications: Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum begins with prevention. Studies have shown that women who take a prenatal vitamin prior to conception have less nausea during pregnancy. Frequent, small meals as well as dietary modifications such as bland foods, high-protein meals and avoiding spicy or fatty foods can be helpful. Eliminating iron supplements or substituting folic acid for iron-containing prenatal vitamins can be helpful until the nausea improves later in the pregnancy.
2. Medications: In recent years, advancements in treatment for severe morning sickness have been promising. There are several medications for nausea that are considered safe in pregnancy, including time-release formulations of existing medications. Talk with your OB provider about the best treatment options for you.
3. Nutritional therapy and IV hydration treatments: Nutritional therapy and IV hydration treatments have also become more accessible, providing vital support to those unable to keep food and water down.
4. Online and community support groups: Beyond medical treatments, the growth of online and community support groups has given women suffering from severe morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum a platform to share their experiences and find solidarity and understanding.

While morning sickness is a common part of pregnancy, it's important to recognize when symptoms escalate to hyperemesis gravidarum, which requires professional medical intervention. Thanks to ongoing research and the development of new treatments, there is hope for managing even the most severe cases, allowing pregnant people to focus on their health and the growth of their unborn child all while feeling the best they can.