Is My Wrist Fractured? What To Know About Distal Radius Fractures

A distal radius fracture, or wrist fracture, occurs when there is a break in the radius bone, which runs along the thumb side of the forearm. This fracture typically happens just above the wrist joint. Given its location, a distal radius fracture can significantly affect wrist function and mobility, impacting daily activities such as gripping, lifting and even writing.

How can you tell if your wrist is fractured?

Distal radius fractures commonly are caused by:

• Falls, especially a fall onto an outstretched hand
• Sports injuries
• Trauma due to a high-energy impact like a car accident or a fall from a high surface.

Older adults with osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones, are more susceptible to fractures from even minor falls or bumps.

Symptoms of a distal radius fracture can include:

• Sudden, sharp pain in the wrist area
• Swelling around the wrist and sometimes the forearm
• Visible deformity, where the wrist may appear bent or misaligned (often referred to as a "dinner fork" deformity)
• Discoloration and bruising around the injury site
• Difficulty in moving the wrist, gripping objects, or bearing weight on the wrist.

If you are experiencing symptoms of a fractured wrist and have recently experienced a fall or sports injury, see a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

There are two types of distal radius fractures: extra-articular fractures, which happen above the wrist joint, and intra-articular fractures which extend into the wrist joint and can lead to complications if not treated properly.

How is a distal radius fracture diagnosed?

To diagnose a distal radius fracture, a doctor will check the wrist for signs of swelling, deformity and tenderness. They also will likely order an X-ray to confirm the diagnosis and get a better view of the fracture.

If the fracture is complex, the doctor may want a CT scan for a more detailed view of the bone structure.

When does a wrist fracture need surgery?

Many stable fractures can be treated by using a cast or splint for six to eight weeks. The cast holds the bones in place and allows for healing. Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and reduce swelling.

Once the cast is removed, physical therapy may be necessary to restore strength and flexibility.

Complex fractures might require open reduction and internal fixation surgery. In this procedure, an incision is made to access the fracture. Metal plates, screws or pins are used to stabilize the bones.

After surgery, patients are enrolled in a physical therapy program to help them regain strength and function in the wrist.

Most distal radius fractures heal within six to 12 weeks. However, full recovery, including regaining strength and motion, may take longer.

How to prevent distal radius fractures

There are things you can do to try to prevent a wrist fracture, especially if you or a loved one are at risk because of osteoporosis. These include:

• Do exercises to strengthen your wrist and forearm muscles, which can enhance stability and resilience against injury.
• Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements, or do weight-bearing exercises to help maintain bone density.
• Implement safety measures at home to reduce fall risk, especially for older adults. This may include removing tripping hazards, improving lighting and using assistive devices if necessary.
• Use appropriate protective gear, such as wrist guards, when playing sports, and undergo training to enhance balance and coordination.

Distal radius fractures are a common but serious injury that can significantly impact one’s quality of life.

Recognizing the symptoms of distal radius fractures and seeking prompt medical attention is crucial for the best recovery and outcome.