What Are the Main Causes of Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, affecting 1 in 8 women in the United States at some point in their lives. Understanding the risk factors and symptoms can help in early detection and treatment.

What are the five warning signs of breast cancer?

Five breast cancer warning signs to watch for include:

1. A new lump or mass.  Any new lump in the breast or underarm area should be examined by a doctor.
2. Swelling or thickening in the breast. Even without a distinct lump, swelling or thickening in the breast can be a sign.
3. Skin changes on the breast or nipple. Look for dimpling, redness, or flaky skin on the breast or nipple.
4. Nipple changes. This includes retraction (nipple turning inward) or unusual discharge.
5. Breast pain. Persistent pain in the breast or nipple area should not be ignored.

What is usually the first sign of breast cancer?

Typically, the first sign of breast cancer is a new lump or mass. While most lumps are not cancerous, it is essential to have them evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out cancer.

What causes breast cancer at a young age?

Breast cancer in younger women is less common but can occur. Factors that might contribute include:

• Genetic mutations: Inherited mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk.
• Family history: A family history of breast cancer may increase the risk.
• Radiation exposure: High doses of radiation, especially during childhood, can raise the risk.
• Lifestyle factors: Obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking are also contributing factors.

What age should you get a mammogram?

Ochsner MD Anderson Cancer Center recommends women at average risk for breast cancer start annual screening mammograms at age 40. Women with higher risk factors may need to begin screenings earlier. It's recommended to discuss personal risk factors with a healthcare provider.

Can a mammogram confirm cancer?

A mammogram is an essential tool for detecting breast cancer early, but it cannot confirm cancer on its own. If a mammogram detects an abnormality, further tests like a biopsy will be needed to determine if cancer is present.

Annual screenings help diagnose cancer at an early stage when it is considered curable.

Who is at greatest risk for breast cancer?

While breast cancer can affect anyone, certain factors increase risk. Breast cancer risk factors include:

• Sex and age: Being female and over 55 significantly increases risk.
• Genetics and family history: Genetic mutations and having close relatives with breast cancer may increase your risk.
• Lifestyle factors: Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and alcohol use contribute to higher risk.
• Reproductive history: Early menstruation, late menopause and having children later in life can increase risk.

What are the three most common types of breast cancer?

Breast cancer can be categorized into different types based on how they grow and spread. The three most common types of breast cancer are:

• Invasive ductal carcinoma: This is the most common type of breast cancer. It starts in the milk ducts.
• Invasive lobular carcinoma: This type of breast cancer begins in the lobules, which are the glands that produce milk.
• Inflammatory breast cancer: This is a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer that is identified by visible skin changes rather than a lump.

What are the most common treatment options for breast cancer?

Your oncologist will discuss the type of breast cancer treatment available to you, depending on your diagnosis. Common breast cancer treatments include:

• Surgery: Types of breast cancer surgery include lumpectomy (removing the tumor) or mastectomy (removing one or both breasts).
• Radiation therapy: This treatment uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells.
• Hormone therapy: This type of therapy blocks cancer cell growth by targeting hormone receptors.
• Targeted therapy: This type of therapy focuses on specific molecules to inhibit cancer cell growth.
• Chemotherapy: This treatment uses drugs to kill rapidly growing cancer cells.

Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation can affect fertility. Before beginning treatment, discuss options with your doctor if future pregnancy is a concern.

If you are breastfeeding, it generally is considered unsafe to breastfeed during treatment. However, it is possible to breastfeed after treatment if it is cleared by a physician.

What happens if I am diagnosed with breast cancer?

• Take a deep breath. This is easier said than done. Everyone reacts differently to receiving a cancer diagnosis. It is important to give yourself time to process this life-changing news.
• Get to know your doctor. The first doctor you typically meet is a breast surgeon. This should be someone you trust and feel comfortable with. They will be with you throughout your entire journey and help guide your different treatments in coordination with the rest of your care team.
• Get the facts. There are different types of breast cancer. Depending on which type you have, the treatments can vary dramatically. Each cancer is unique and your care team will individualize your treatment accordingly.
• Educate yourself. Patients who have educated themselves about their diagnoses are prepared for the next steps. Do not be afraid to ask your surgeon for additional resources.
• Develop a support system. The first months after a cancer diagnosis can be an emotional, mental and physical rollercoaster ride for some patients. Surround yourself with people who support and love you. Family and friends will want to help. Practice saying "yes." Let them bring you a meal, give you a ride, help with childcare or run an errand for you.