How Serious Are Throat Sores? 7 Causes and Treatment Options

You are brushing your teeth, and you notice a red, swollen, sensitive spot in your mouth. You may even find it hard to eat and talk. What could this be? You most likely are experiencing a throat sore or ulcer. Here is what you need to know about throat sore causes and treatment options.

What are the causes of throat sores?

A throat sore or ulcer is an open wound in the mouth, and it can form in the mouth, back of the throat and even in the esophagus. A variety of reasons can cause throat sores, and some of the primary causes can include:

1. Infections can cause sores in the throat or esophagus, which may result from various sources. These include bacterial infections such as tonsil stones, fungal infections such as yeast or thrush, and viral infections like the herpes simplex virus or hand, foot and mouth disease.
2. Oropharyngeal cancer, which affects the part of the throat located just behind the mouth, may manifest as sores or lumps in the neck, mouth, or throat. A significant majority of cases are linked to HPV infection, so it is important to get the HPV vaccine.
3. Overconsumption of acidic foods and beverages, such as citrus fruits, vinegar, caffeine and alcohol, can lead to canker sores. A canker sore is a small, shallow ulcer found inside the mouth or at the base of the gums. Common acidic foods include lemons, pineapples, tomatoes and many processed items.
4. Certain medications can lead to throat sores, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for pain relief, bisphosphonates for treating bone conditions, and some antibiotics.
5. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which causes stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, can result in ulcers or sores in the throat if this occurs frequently.
6. Patients undergoing chemotherapy may experience throat sores, known as mucositis. Chemotherapy can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of oral yeast infections, which can lead to or exacerbate throat sores and ulcers. An oral yeast infection typically appears as a white coating resembling cottage cheese in the mouth.
7. People who excessively use their voices, such as singers, may irritate their vocal cords, resulting in sores.

What are the symptoms of throat sores?

Symptoms of throat sores can depend on the causes of the sores, but symptoms can include:

• Sore mouth or throat
• Trouble talking or swallowing
• White-filled bumps in your mouth or throat
• Red, inflamed bumps in your mouth or throat
• Bad breath
• Fever or chills
• Heartburn, which can feel like a burning sensation in your chest

What should I avoid if I have throat sores?

If you have a sore or ulcer in your mouth, there are a few things you will want to avoid because it may further irritate the sore.

• Avoid spicy and acidic foods
• Don’t smoke or drink. Both can cause further irritation of the sore.
• Avoid mouthwash that contains alcohol because it can make your sores burn
• Avoid rough and hard foods, such as chips.

What are the treatment options for throat sores?

The treatment for a sore throat or ulcer will vary depending on its underlying cause:

• If a bacterial or fungal infection is responsible for your sore throat, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or antifungal medications. Addressing these infections will help heal the sores as well.
• For throat sores caused by acid reflux, consider taking an over-the-counter antacid to help neutralize stomach acid and reduce its production.
• If you're experiencing pain from the sores, a pain reliever like Tylenol might help. Your provider may also recommend medicated mouthwashes containing local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, to alleviate discomfort. However, be cautious with pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen, as they may further irritate the sores.
• For canker sores, gargling with a solution of 1 teaspoons salt, 2 teaspoons baking soda to 8 ounces of warm water can promote faster healing.
• If your throat sores result from vocal strain, it's advisable to rest your voice and take a break from talking or singing.
• Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Cold fluids or sucking on ice chips or popsicles can provide soothing relief for your throat sores.

Can I prevent throat sores?

While you can’t always prevent getting throat sores, there are lifestyle choices you can make to reduce your chances of getting them.

1. Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Excess weight can exert pressure on your stomach, leading to acid reflux and GERD, both of which may contribute to throat sores. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle can significantly lower your chances of developing these sores.
2. Quit smoking. Smoking not only harms your overall health and increases the risk of cancer, but it can also lead to throat sores. If you smoke, consider taking advantage of Ochsner’s free smoking cessation program, available for residents of Louisiana and Mississippi who are 18 and older.
3. Practice good hygiene. Regularly brushing your teeth can help prevent mouth infections, while frequently washing your hands can reduce the spread of viruses. Maintaining good hygiene is a vital step in lowering your risk of throat sores.

Review your medications. If you suspect that your medication is causing throat sores, consult your healthcare provider to explore potential adjustments.

Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options for throat sores is essential for managing this uncomfortable condition. By adopting healthy lifestyle practices, maintaining good oral hygiene, and being aware of potential irritants, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing throat sores. If you do experience persistent or severe symptoms, talk with you primary care doctor for the best diagnosis and treatment.