How Serious Are Throat Sores? 7 Causes and Treatment Options

You are brushing your teeth when you notice a red, swollen, sensitive spot in your mouth. You might even find it hard to eat or talk. If this sounds familiar, you are likely experiencing a throat sore or ulcer.

What are throat sores?

A throat sore is an open wound that can form in the mouth, at the back of the throat or even in the esophagus. They are uncomfortable and a common concern that can affect anyone. However, you can manage them effectively once you understand what is causing them.

How serious are throat sores?

From minor irritations to more complex underlying conditions, throat sores have many possible causes and can vary in severity. In most cases, throat sores are minor and heal on their own within a week or two. However, they can be painful and interfere with eating, drinking or speaking. While many throat sores are triggered by common issues like viral infections or acidic foods, persistent or severe sores may signal a more serious condition. Identifying the underlying cause can help determine the most effective treatment.

What are the causes of throat sores?

A variety of reasons can cause throat sores, and some of the primary causes can include:

1. Infections: Bacterial infections (tonsil stones), fungal infections (yeast or thrush) and viral infections (herpes simplex virus or hand, foot and mouth disease) can all lead to throat sores.
2. Oropharyngeal cancer: This cancer affects the part of the throat located just behind the mouth. It may manifest as sores or lumps in the neck, mouth, or throat. Since many cases are linked to HPV infection, we recommend discussing the HPV vaccine with your healthcare provider.
3. Acidic foods and beverages: Overconsumption of citrus fruits, vinegar, caffeine and alcohol can lead to canker sores. Common acidic foods include lemons, pineapples, tomatoes and many processed items.
4. Medications: Certain drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for pain relief, bisphosphonates for treating bone conditions and some antibiotics can irritate the throat lining and cause sores.
5. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Frequent acid reflux can result in ulcers or sores in the throat.
6. Chemotherapy: Patients undergoing chemotherapy may experience throat sores, known as mucositis. Chemotherapy can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of oral yeast infections, which can lead to or exacerbate throat sores and ulcers. An oral yeast infection typically appears as a white coating resembling cottage cheese in the mouth.
7. Vocal Strain: Excessive use of the voice, such as singing or shouting, can irritate the vocal cords and lead to sores.

What are the symptoms of throat sores?

How do you know if you are dealing with a throat sore or just a standard sore throat? The symptoms often depend on the underlying cause, but symptoms can include:

• A distinct sore spot in the mouth or throat
• Trouble talking or swallowing due to pain
• White-filled or red, inflamed bumps in your mouth or throat
• Bad breath
• Fever or chills (common with infections)
• Heartburn, which can feel like a burning sensation in your chest

What should I avoid if I have throat sores?

If you have an active sore or ulcer in your mouth, you should soothe the area, not irritate it further. To speed up your recovery, steer clear of these common agitators: 

• Spicy and acidic foods: These can irritate the sore further, so put the hot sauce and lemonade away until you heal
• Smoking and alcohol: Both dry out the mouth and can cause further irritation of the sore
• Alcohol based mouthwash: This can make your sores burn and delay healing
• Rough and hard foods: Chips and crusty bread can scrape against the sore

What are the treatment options for throat sores?

The treatment for a sore throat or ulcer will vary depending on its underlying cause. However, you can use these general strategies to find relief at home:

• Bacterial or fungal infection: Antibiotics or antifungal medications prescribed by a doctor.
• Acid reflux or GERD: Over-the-counter antacids to help neutralize stomach acid and reduce its production. This prevents new sores from forming while current ones heal.
• Pain relief: Tylenol (acetaminophen) or medicated mouthwashes with local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, to alleviate discomfort. Avoid aspirin or ibuprofen if they irritate the sores.
• Canker sores: Gargle with a solution of 1 teaspoon salt, 2 teaspoons baking soda and 8 ounces of warm water.
• Vocal strain: Rest your voice and stay hydrated, it's advisable to rest your voice and take a break from talking or singing.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water and use cold fluids or ice chips for relief.

Can I prevent throat sores?

While you can’t always prevent getting throat sores, there are lifestyle choices you can make to reduce your chances of getting them.

1. Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly: Excess weight can exert pressure on your stomach, leading to acid reflux and GERD, both of which may contribute to throat sores. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle can significantly lower your chances of developing these sores.
2. Quit smoking: Smoking not only harms your overall health and increases the risk of cancer, but it can also lead to throat sores. If you smoke, consider taking advantage of Ochsner’s free smoking cessation program, available for residents of Louisiana and Mississippi who are 18 and older.
3. Practice good hygiene: Regularly brushing your teeth can help prevent mouth infections, while frequently washing your hands can reduce the spread of viruses. Maintaining good hygiene is a vital step in lowering your risk of throat sores.
4. Review medications: If you suspect that your medication is causing throat sores, consult your healthcare provider to explore potential adjustments.

Overlook of common causes, trigger points and typical treatment approach:

Are throat sores contagious?

It depends on the cause. Sores caused by viruses (like herpes simplex) or bacteria are contagious and can spread through saliva or close contact. Sores caused by acid reflux, chemotherapy or acidic foods are not contagious.

How long do throat sores last?

Most non-cancerous throat sores, such as canker sores or those from minor injuries, heal within seven to 14 days. If a sore persists longer than two weeks, you should see a doctor.

What foods help heal throat sores?

Soft, bland and cool foods are best. Try yogurt, cooked vegetables, mashed potatoes and smoothies. These provide nutrition without irritating the open wound.

When should I see a doctor for throat sores?

Understanding the causes, symptoms and treatment options for throat sores is essential for managing this uncomfortable condition. By adopting healthy lifestyle practices, maintaining good oral hygiene and being aware of potential irritants, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing throat sores. If you experience persistent symptoms, difficulty breathing or sores that do not heal after two weeks, schedule an appointment with your primary care doctor for the best diagnosis and treatment.