8 Tips to Control Acid Reflux

Acid reflux affects nearly 40% of Americans, with around 15%-20% believed to have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a severe form of acid reflux. If you’ve experienced acid reflux, you know firsthand how uncomfortable it can be. The good news is that acid reflux can be treated with lifestyle modifications, medications and if needed, procedures.

What causes acid reflux?

Acid reflux happens when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular ring separating the stomach from the esophagus, doesn’t close tightly enough. When the lower esophageal sphincter weakens, stomach acid can move up into the esophagus, causing irritation. The result is often heartburn, that burning sensation rising in your throat and chest.

Symptoms include:

A burning feeling in the chest
Frequent belching
Pain in the upper abdomen
Worsening of symptoms when bending over or lying down
Severe cough and / or hoarseness

Is it normal to have acid reflux?

Acid reflux is a common issue, but you can manage it and prevent the symptoms from taking over your life. Most people control it with lifestyle changes and, when needed, medication. If you have heartburn symptoms two or more times a week, talk to your doctor about a care plan tailored to your needs. If your symptoms are occasional or mild, there are non-medicated steps you can take at home for relief and prevention.

What is the difference between heartburn and acid reflux?

You may hear the terms “heartburn” and “acid reflux” used together, but they aren’t the same. Acid reflux is the physical process where stomach acid travels back into the esophagus. Heartburn is the most common symptom; a hot, burning sensation in your chest or throat, sometimes described as “heartburn heat.” In short, acid reflux is the condition, and heartburn is what you feel as a result.

What is the main cause of heartburn?

Our eating patterns can shift from day to day, causing changes in how our digestive system feels. Overeating can lead to the esophagus valve not closing all the way, as a full stomach puts pressure on the valve.

How can I prevent digestive discomfort?

The most effective way to avoid heartburn is to be mindful of what and how you eat. Small, conscious choices can make a big difference in your digestive health.

How can I manage acid reflux through lifestyle changes?

Simple changes often make a meaningful impact. Try these proven steps:

Modify your diet: Avoid fatty, spicy or highly acidic foods such as oranges and tomatoes. Limit chocolate, peppermint, spearmint, caffeine, carbonated drinks and alcohol, as they can trigger symptoms.
Practice mindful eating: Pay attention to your body’s hunger and fullness signals. Try to avoid overeating, which can significantly increase your risk for heartburn.
Eat smaller meals: Choose smaller, more frequent meals instead of large portions.
Watch meal timing: Wait with lying down till three hours after eating and skip late-night snacks.
Raise the head of your bed: Elevate your head and upper body by 4 to 6 inches using blocks or a wedge pillow to help prevent reflux at night.
Quit tobacco and limit alcohol: Both increase stomach acid and can weaken the lower esophageal sphincter.
Reduce stress: Stress can worsen digestive symptoms. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, mindfulness or talking with someone you trust.
Opt for different medications: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is safer for pain if you are prone to acid reflux, unlike non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen.

What over-the-counter medications are available for acid reflux and GERD?

When lifestyle adjustments are not enough, over-the-counter medications can help:

Antacids: These include products like Tums, Rolaids and Maalox. They quickly neutralize stomach acid and are best for mild, infrequent heartburn. The effects do not last long.
Histamine-2 receptor blockers, also known as H2 blockers: Medications such as famotidine (Pepcid) and cimetidine (Tagamet) reduce acid production and last up to 12 hours. They work best when taken before meals.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These are the most potent acid-suppressing medications, with options like omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid) and esomeprazole (Nexium). They take a few days to work but provide relief for up to 24 hours. Discuss long-term use with your doctor, as they have possible side effects.

What surgical options exist for GERD?

If your GERD symptoms do not improve with medication or lifestyle modifications, surgery may be recommended. Advanced options include:

Transoral incisionless fundoplication: This minimally invasive procedure is done under anesthesia. A device placed through your mouth allows a surgeon to put stitches where your stomach meets your esophagus, strengthening the barrier to prevent reflux.
Laparoscopic fundoplication: Small incisions are made in the abdomen, and the top of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to create a stronger barrier.

When should I see a doctor for acid reflux or heartburn?

You should speak with a physician if:

You have heartburn or reflux symptoms two or more times per week
Over-the-counter medications do not relieve your symptoms
You have trouble swallowing or pain with swallowing
Your symptoms wake you from sleep or affect your quality of life

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience chest pain along with shortness of breath or pain in your arm or jaw, as these can be signs of a heart attack.

How do I know if I have GERD?

If you experience acid reflux symptoms, such as heartburn, more than twice a week, it is a strong indicator that you may have GERD. Other symptoms can include a sour taste in your mouth, difficulty swallowing or the feeling of a lump in your throat. Consulting with a physician is the best way to get an accurate diagnosis.

GERD is a common, often manageable condition. By adopting healthy lifestyle habits and seeking care from an experienced medical team, you can achieve lasting acid reflux relief and protect your long-term well-being. Learn more here: https://www.ochsner.org/services/gastroenterology/